KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: During a follow-up time of 2 years, 9 patients (4.3%) were diagnosed with PCa, and 15 (7.2%) were diagnosed with BPH. There were no statistical differences in terms of mean changes in PSA and Gleason scores between the two groups. Among the patients treated with Se and Ly, there was an RR of 1.07 for PCa and an RR of 0.89 among group B (p = 0.95). Supplementation with Se and Ly was not associated with greater risk of PCa (HR, 1.38; p = 0.67).