TNF and sporotrichosis: When bone-marrow-derived mast cells were incubated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells no cell degranulation was observed, but there was an increase in IL-6 and TNFα stimulation, an observation that fits well with the in vivo model of sporotrichosis in rats, where the fungus promotes skin inflammation and overproduction of both cytokines, thus exacerbating cutaneous sporotrichosis (Romo-Lozano et al., 2014; Jiao et al., 2020).