Using absolute fold change of at least 1.2 and FDR-corrected p < 0.05, widely accepted thresholds for the selection of differentially expressed genes, the expression of LCN2 was found to be significantly increased in most datasets interrogating gene expression in the lungs of IPF patients in comparison with control individuals (Supplementary Table S1; Figure 1A). Here, LCN2 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.