Comparative analysis selected several hundred genes as differentially expressed in IPF, while an explainable machine learning phenotype classification algorithm prioritized 76 genes that include previously identified IPF expression hallmarks (e.g., Col1a1), IPF biomarkers (e.g., MMP7), as well as many genes previously shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of IPF (e.g., SPP1) (6). Here, SPP1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.