In addition to vitamin A derivative, retinal acid, a cocktail of ATRA, TGFβ inhibitors, GSK3β inhibitors, and H3K9 methyltransferase/G9a inhibitors have been successfully used to induce differentiation, including hepatoma cell lines, primary hepatoma cells, liver cancer stem cells, and drug resistant hepatoma cells (Zhang et al., 2022a). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.