INS and diabetes mellitus: Individuals with diabetes had significantly higher levels of 2-AAA (ion count 312x104 ± 75x104) than both the insulin sensitive (ion count 233x104 ± 60x104, P<0.001) and the pre-diabetic (ion count 262x104 ± 58x104, P=0.005) groups in models adjusted for sex, race, BMI and smoking status.