PPARG and atherosclerosis: C-peptide can promote the transcriptional activity of PPAR-γ, as observed in renal tubular and lung injury, although most studies indicate that PPAR-γ has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, some research suggests that increased expression of PPAR-γ in macrophages can promote the occurrence of atherosclerosis, possibly related to the upregulation of CD36 expression in macrophages, which is deeply involved in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and the accumulation of oxidized LDL particles (78–81).