(1) Physiological concentrations of C-peptide can alleviate high glucose-mediated endothelial dysfunction, by reducing the expression of the cell surface protein VCAM-1 and decreasing the secretion of chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (72). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.