GCLM and diabetes mellitus: GCLM is a glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit that is the main component of glutathione (GSH) synthetase and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of GSH on multiple levels, and increasing evidence has shown that GSH metabolic dysregulation is involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases, including diabetes, liver fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, and malignant tumors (Liu and Gaston, 2010; Lv et al., 2019; Shen and Wang, 2021).