The evidence that CPZ affects TFEB localization through Rag GTPases prompts us to speculate that CPZ plays two roles in the regulation of autophagy (Figures 5, 6), similar to our previous study which shows that autophagy dysfunction can be induced by dual effects in a neurodegenerative disease model (Xia et al., 2016; Ying et al., 2016). Here, CPZ is linked to neurodegenerative disease.