Here, three exosomal proteins in urine were found to be possible biomarkers in DN patients: upregulated ɑ-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (AMBP), upregulated lysine-specific methyltransferase 2C (MLL3) and downregulated voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) (Zubiri et al., 2014). The gene discussed is VDAC1; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.