In Western countries, approximately 80% of diffuse CRS are characterized by a type 2 inflammatory response driven by activation of type 2 CD4+ helper cells and innate lymphoid type 2 cells, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells as eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils [42–45]. Here, IL4 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.