Some inflammatory markers appeared to be useful to differentiate between septic encephalopathy and other causes of delirium: higher levels of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, platelet-derived growth factor-AB/BB and RANTES [“regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted”, chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5)] and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor were observed in septic encephalopathy patients compared to patients with delirium by other causes (Tomasi et al., 2017). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is delirium.