BDNF and Encephalopathy: When septic encephalopathy was compared with sepsis without encephalopathy, plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were higher in septic encephalopathy patients, whereas RANTES and IL-10 concentrations were lower in patients with than in patients without encephalopathy suggesting BDNF as a possible biomarker of septic encephalopathy (Tomasi et al., 2017).