TPTE and cancer: The BNT111 vaccine developed by BioNTech is an example of an mRNA cancer vaccine that encodes four melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) including New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), tyrosinase, and transmembrane phosphatase with tensin homology (TPTE) (44).