Myeloma cell adhesion to BMSCs or extracellular matrix components by expression of adhesion molecules such as Syndecan-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) prevent apoptosis, resulting in cell-adhesion driven drug resistance (151–156). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and plasma cell myeloma.