The frequently mutated or highly expressed proteins or antigens in GBM mainly include EGFR, EGFRvIII, NF1, TERT, PDGFRA, PTEN, RB1, IDH1, TP53, PIK3R1, and PIK3CA, some of which are regarded as ideal vaccine targets (43, 47). This evidence concerns the gene IDH1 and glioblastoma.