ICAM1 and hepatitis A virus infection: In particular, TNF-α has been recognized as a key regulator of hepatitis, as it recruits many neutrophils into the liver sinusoids and induces the expression of various adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), selectin, and chemokines on endothelial cells and hepatocytes, after LPS treatment (212, 213).