TCFL5 and neoplasm: Like most cytochalasans, ChA has been confirmed to target filamentous actin in mammalian cells, and thereby induces cell-cycle arrest and inhibits membrane ruffling and cell migration (Knudsen et al., 2014), endowing ChA strong cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, immunomodulatory activities, and antifungal activities (Sekita et al., 1982; Jiao et al., 2004; Huang et al., 2016).