Past research with Drosophila models in medical mycology has utilized toll deficient mutant flies and infection by direct contact between the fungal pathogens and the flies (Alarco et al., 2004; Apidianakis et al., 2004; Chamilos et al., 2007; Hamilos et al., 2012; Lionakis and Kontoyiannis, 2012). Here, TLR4 is linked to infection.