Then the secreted interferons (IFNs) bind with and activate the heterodimeric transmembrane IFNα receptor (IFNAR) by autophosphorylation8; followed by phosphorylation of JAK and TYK kinases, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT1/STAT2) to activate the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) against virus infection. Here, IFNAR1 is linked to viral infectious disease.