Genes associated with recurrent promoter hypomethylation, regardless of smoking status, include FAM83A, a lung cancer biomarker and potential oncogene [37], whose expression in TCGA LUAD samples was almost 100-fold over that found in non-malignant lung samples (Wilcox test, P < 0.001) (Figure 3E). This evidence concerns the gene SACK1A and lung carcinoma.