Furthermore, an observational study involving 291 subjects demonstrated higher plasma DKK1 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) compared to those with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSE-ACS), suggesting the potential of DKK1 plasma levels as prognostic indicators for the severity and stability of coronary atherosclerosis [10]. Here, DKK1 is linked to coronary atherosclerosis.