Single-cell gene expression analysis of human CRC tumors (GSE146771)38 confirmed elevated ATG16L1 transcript levels in the tumor epithelium when compared to other cellular compartments of the CRC tumor microenvironment (Fig. 1d, expression of lineage markers associated with each compartment; Fig. 1e, ATG16L1 transcript levels in each depicted compartment). This evidence concerns the gene ATG16L1 and colorectal carcinoma.