Subsequent machine-learning analysis revealed four genes—NR1D1, PPP1R18, PGBD2, and PPP1R3D—as potential myopia biomarkers, all demonstrating robust diagnostic efficiency.The single gene GSEA results for the aforementioned four genes reveal that each of these four genes has an impact on the pathway for ubiquitin-mediated protein hydrolysis. Here, PPP1R3D is linked to myopia.