To determine the clinical relevance of HPRT1 to GBM progression, we performed IHC staining of HPRT1 in our collected 100 primary GBM samples from patients who received surgeries prior to standard care including TMZ treatment (Supplementary Fig. 12b), and evaluated the IHC score of HPRT1 expression (Supplementary Fig. 12c and Supplementary Data 2). The gene discussed is HPRT1; the disease is glioblastoma.