The tRNALeu(UUR) 3243A > G mutation is the most prevalent MELAS-associated mtDNA mutation [94, 95], while other MELAS-associated mtDNA mutations included the tRNALeu(UUR) 3271T > C, tRNATrp 5541C > T and ND5 13513G > A mutations [94, 95]. This evidence concerns the gene MT-ND5 and MELAS.