RPN1 and breast cancer: The SLC3A2, NUBPL, IQGAP1, NCKAP1, NDUFS1, RAC1, RPN1, SLC7A11, MYL6, and LRPPRC genes showed higher numbers of gain-of-function mutations, while NDUFA11, GYS1, MYH9, MYH10, and ACSL4 were associated with loss-of-function mutations (Fig. 1C, D), suggesting their relevance for breast cancer tumorigenesis.