Significantly higher AFP levels were detected in patients with HCC than patients with CHB (median: 155.2 versus 2.7 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and healthy controls (median: 155.2 versus 1.5 ng/ml, p < 0.001), and serum AFP concentration was also significantly higher in CHB patients than healthy controls (median: 2.7 versus 1.5 ng/ml, p < 0.001) (Fig. 1b). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.