Genetic ablation of Cx3cl1396,397 or Cx3cr1389,398 in mouse models of tauopathy enhanced tau hyperphosphorylation, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits389,396–398 via IL-1/p38 MAPK pathway.389,397 Notably, merely transplanting purified microglia derived from hTauCx3cr1-/- mice into the brains of non-transgenic recipient mice could induce tau hyperphosphorylation within the recipient brain. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and tauopathy.