DJ-1 dysfunction is implicated in a small percentage (1–2%) of inherited forms of early-onset PD.256 In microglia, the knockdown of DJ-1 has been shown to enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS.263 Additionally, DJ-1 may function as a scaffold protein facilitating the interaction between signal-transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) and its phosphatase, Src-homology 2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) that negatively regulates inflammatory responses of microglia. Here, PARK7 is linked to Onset.