Genes related to senescence (e.g., PTPRC, TIGIT, and TNF) and exhaustion (e.g., PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, and TNFRSF9) were highly enriched in CD4+ and CD8 + T cells from the participants with liver cirrhosis (Supplementary Fig. 9c, d). Here, TNFRSF9 is linked to cirrhosis of liver.