The results showed that PGC-1α expression at the protein level, but not at the mRNA level, was markedly down- or upregulated when AIFM2 is either knocked down or overexpressed in HCC cells (Fig. 6A, B), suggesting that PGC-1α is post-transcriptionally upregulated by AIFM2. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.