HSPG2 and ciliopathy: Recent findings indicate that the Wnt-PLC-IP3-Connexin-Ca2+ axis maintains ependymal cilia motility in the zebrafish spinal cord; therefore, gap junctions mediate intercellular Ca2+ wave propagation, which plays an important role in the maintenance of ependymal cilia motility, and enhancement of gap junction function by pharmacological or genetic manipulation may ameliorate motile ciliopathy [36].