TLR4 and liver dysplastic nodule: In addition to macrophage infiltration, the role of the TLRs family in the inflammatory mechanism of DN has received wide concerns, especially TLR2 and TLR4 [41, 42] NF-κB can be activated by high glucose, and the presence of NF-κB signaling pathway activation has been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of DN patients [43].