Since the number of Tregs in human GBMs has been shown to be prognostically neutral (27), and considering clinical significance of severe T cell exhaustion shown in GBM (28), although with a small footprint in the tumor, this reduction in exhausted CD8+ T cells may be an important contributor to the prolonged survival of the Il1b–/–;Ntv-a mice. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and neoplasm.