IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: XIST expression was relatively static after IFN-α treatment, with a 1.17-fold induction in HEK293 cells, a 1.33-fold induction in A431 cells, a 0.96-fold induction in SLE PBMCs, and a 0.80-fold induction in primary human keratinocytes (Figure 5B).