CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Additional future studies will be needed to (a) determine the roles and relevance at all stages of HIV infection of resting CD4+ HIV-producing cells to the establishment, maintenance, and persistence of HIV reservoirs from which infection rebounds on treatment interruption and (b) identify ARVs that concentrate in LT (23) and combinations of ART and broadly neutralizing antibodies (41) and other treatment modalities that fully suppress continued propagation of HIV in resting CD4+ T cells to develop new strategies to effect a functional cure.