PTEN and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Similarly, increased HNRNPA2B1 was found in human PAH-PASMC and MCT-PAH rats, and inhibition of HNRNPA2B1 applied in vivo rescued PH in rats (Ruffenach et al., 2022); IGFBP-3 was revealed to promote the proliferation of HPASMCs under persistent hypoxia (Ismail et al., 2009); METTL3/YTHDF2/PTEN axis also plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation (Qin et al., 2021).