JUNB and lung cancer: While JunB acts as a tumor suppressor in leukemia (Passegue et al., 2001), breast cancer (Wutschka et al., 2021), prostate cancer (Konishi et al., 2008), and epidermal neoplasia (Jin et al., 2011), it behaves as an oncogene in renal cancer (Kanno et al., 2012), ovarian cancer (Xu et al., 2021), multiple myeloma (Fan et al., 2021), and lung cancer (Suphakhong et al., 2022).To date, our understanding of relationship between JunB’s immunomodulatory effects and tumor progression remains limited.