Further, we queried the pan-oncogene expression profiles of ARHGEF12 and APAF1 in the TCGA (https://bioinfo.uth.edu/TSGene/) database using the UALCAN database (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu/), and as shown in Figure 5E, F, ARHGEF12 and APAF1 were significantly downregulated in colon cancer and many other types of cancers. This evidence concerns the gene ARHGEF12 and malignant colon neoplasm.