Targeting three ER transmembrane stress sensors, including protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3, EIF2AK3), inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), and transcription factor-activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) in AAA, is highly promising for potential therapeutics (26–30). The gene discussed is ERN1; the disease is triple-A syndrome.