AGT and heart failure: Since hypercholesterolemia patients have a trained immunity phenotype, as we reported (8, 73, 74), which accelerates vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis (44, 45); and hypercholesterolemia stimulates angiotensin peptide synthesis (75), our finding provides a novel insight that targeting Ang II levels by using ACEIs may inhibit trained immunity in patients with hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysms.