TNF and COVID-19: Figure 3 shows that patients infected with COVID-19 have deranged levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40 (a component of IL-12 and IL-23 and a chemoattractant for macrophages to sites of inflammation), MIP-1b (responsible for macrophage chemotactic action), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, a cytokine related to thrombosis), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, a chemoattractant for activated T cells) and TNF-α (a proinflammatory cytokine, a target for immune biologics such as infliximab, adalimumab, or etanercept).