We do not have to forget that this atrophy could be directly related with the oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) impairing mitochondrial function (Park et al. 2021), affecting the morphology, functionality and metabolism, as well as glutamate and GABA production together with their dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases (Verkhratsky and Nedergaard 2014; Milà-Alomà 2020; Sood et al. 2021). The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.