TGFB1 and neoplasm: Taken together, a combination of tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment-related parameters determine the success of therapies targeting immune checkpoints: i) A high TMB and a high rate of neoantigens resulting in aberrant proteins which can be recognized by immune cells to then mount an effective antitumor immune response ii) Pre-existing anti-tumor immunity with infiltrating cytotoxic T-cells, IFN-γ signaling and the formation of TLS; iii) Low expression of TGF-β in CAFs to prevent an immune-excluded immune phenotype (Figure 1) (71, 120).