In fact, blocking the adrenergic response to IUGR conditions via pharmaceutical antagonists or adrenal demedullation not only rescued insulin secretion, but in most cases revealed a compensatory enhancement in β cell stimulus-secretion coupling (Leos et al., 2010; Yates et al., 2012a; Macko et al., 2013; Macko et al., 2016). Here, INS is linked to fetal growth restriction.