Inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased in blood and liver of IUGR fetal lambs and mice (Hudalla et al., 2018; Cadaret et al., 2019b; Zhang et al., 2021) and in cord blood of IUGR infants (Amarilyo et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and fetal growth restriction.