The Lesotho Ministry of Health guidelines for HIV EID testing are consistent with the WHO guidelines, recommending that the first virological test for infants exposed to HIV should be conducted at or around 6 weeks following birth and again after they are weaned from breastfeeding and all infants diagnosed with HIV should be started on anti-retroviral therapy immediately, irrespective of CD4 count.22 The WHO also strongly recommended that Xpert® MTB/RIF be used as the initial diagnostic test in individuals suspected of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis or HIV-associated tuberculosis.23 This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and tuberculosis.