IFNA1 and in situ carcinoma: However, the continuous overexpression of IFN by adenoviral transduction (rAd-IFN/Syn-3, also called Nadofaragene Firadenovec) showed significant efficacy and safety in vivo49 and in clinical trials, including phase I (43% CR at 3 months, NCT01162785),50 phase II (no recurrence for 12 months in 35% of high-grade BCG refractory or relapsed NMIBC patients, NCT01687244),51 and phase III (CR for 3 months in 53.4% of patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS; CR for 12 months in 45.5% of CIS patients, NCT02773849) trials.52