In the Caucasian population, the most common aberrant genes in prostate cancer patients were TP53, TTN, SPOP, KMT2D, and FOXA1, while the common gene mutations in Asian population were SCN5A, ACACA, CUL3, FAM71B and FOXA1. The top 10 mutation frequency genes were all different except for FOXA1 (Figs. 6 A and B). Here, CUL3 is linked to prostate cancer.