While APOE genotype had no significant effect on hippocampal lipids in our dataset, rs1990622-A was associated with lower myelin sphingolipid and higher polyunsaturated phospholipid content in carriers of the dementia risk-neutral APOE ε3/ε3 genotype, providing the first direct evidence for an effect of this dementia risk allele on brain lipids. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and dementia.