For example, our population included patients treated by ICI as single agent in different metastatic lines, whereas a wide majority of patients now receive ICI in the first-line setting; the samples used for the transcriptomic analyses were obtained at various stages of the disease (early and late) leading to some heterogeneity in our population considering temporal tumor heterogeneity; relevant data were missing such as the TMB or PDL1 expression by IHC, even if we replaced it by mRNA expression that correlates with protein expression in lung cancers (Additional file 1: Fig S1). Here, CD274 is linked to lung carcinoma.