IL1B and COVID-19: It is well known that pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) can effectively recruit and activate neutrophils.146 Mounting evidence has suggested that pro-inflammatory factors like IL-1β or IL-8, represent the key mediators to induce NET, and they are abundant in macrophages and epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, which increases intravascular neutrophil and tissue NETosis.147,148 Additionally, the IL-8 autocrine loop can be detected within peripheral and pulmonary blood neutrophils, and it can enhance NET generation while indicating COVID-19 severity.149,150