APOE and myocardial ischemia: To establish our Raman “spectromics” approach we employed two widely used and robust mouse models in cardiovascular research: a) acute injury: myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI) by transient ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) as described previously16 and b) chronic injury: continuous infusion of Angiotensin II in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice, leading to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis17 (Methods).