IFNG and infection: In line with our observation that MDA5 signaling promotes IL-1β production in response to M. tuberculosis RNA transfection (Figure 1C), IFN-γ–primed Mda5-KO macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis exhibited a significant reduction in IL-1β secretion (Figure 2C) and RNA levels at both early (4 hours) and later (24 hours) times after infection (Figure 2D).