The NLRP3–caspase-1 inflammasome has previously been shown to negatively regulate autophagy in a stimulus-dependent manner (54–57), in line with our data demonstrating that MDA5 signaling during M. tuberculosis infection both elevates inflammasome activation (Figure 3) and dampens autophagic flux (Figure 4) in response to the infection. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and infection.